The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to RBC and of carbonate ions from RBC to plasma is

Options

A. chloride shift
B. ionic shift
C. atomic shift
D. `Na^(+)` pump

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to red blood cells (RBCs) and of carbonate ions from RBCs to plasma, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Context**:
- When tissues metabolize, they produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as a waste product. This CO2 enters the bloodstream and interacts with hemoglobin and water.

2. **Formation of Carbonic Acid**:
- The CO2 reacts with water (H2O) in the blood to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) through the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

3. **Dissociation of Carbonic Acid**:
- Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). This reaction predominantly occurs in the red blood cells (RBCs).

4. **Movement of Bicarbonate Ions**:
- The bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) that are formed inside the RBCs move out into the plasma.

5. **Chloride Ion Migration**:
- To maintain electro-neutrality, chloride ions (Cl-) from the plasma migrate into the RBCs. This exchange of ions is crucial for maintaining the ionic balance in the blood.

6. **Naming the Process**:
- The entire process of bicarbonate ions moving out of the RBCs and chloride ions moving into the RBCs is known as the **Chloride Shift** or **Hamburger's Phenomenon**.

7. **Reverse Process in the Lungs**:
- At the lungs, the reverse process occurs where bicarbonate ions move back into the RBCs and chloride ions move out into the plasma, facilitating the release of CO2 for exhalation.

### Final Answer:
The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to RBC and of carbonate ions from RBC to plasma is called the **Chloride Shift** or **Hamburger's Phenomenon**.

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