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The lanthanide contraction is responsibl...

The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that
(a)Zr and Yt have about the same radius
(b)Zr and Nb have smaller oxidation state
(c)Zr and Hf have about the same radius
(d)Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state.

A

Zr and Yt have about the same radius

B

Zr and Nb have smaller oxidation state

C

Zr and Hf have about the same radius

D

Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state.

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the lanthanide contraction and its effects on the atomic radii of certain elements, we can analyze each option provided in the question. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Lanthanide Contraction**: - The lanthanide contraction refers to the phenomenon where the atomic and ionic sizes of the lanthanide series elements decrease with increasing atomic number. This occurs due to the poor shielding effect of the 4f electrons, which leads to a greater effective nuclear charge felt by the outer electrons. 2. **Analyzing the Options**: - **(a) Zr and Yt have about the same radius**: - This is incorrect. Zirconium (Zr) and Yttrium (Y) do not have similar atomic radii due to the differences in their electron configurations and the effects of lanthanide contraction. - **(b) Zr and Nb have smaller oxidation state**: - This statement is misleading. Both Zirconium (Zr) and Niobium (Nb) can exhibit higher oxidation states, and the lanthanide contraction does not directly influence their oxidation states in this manner. - **(c) Zr and Hf have about the same radius**: - This is correct. Zirconium (Zr) and Hafnium (Hf) belong to the same group in the periodic table. Despite Hf being below Zr, the lanthanide contraction causes Hf to have a similar atomic radius to Zr due to the poor shielding effect of the 4f electrons in Hf. - **(d) Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state**: - This is incorrect. Zirconium (Zr) and Zinc (Zn) do not exhibit the same oxidation states. Zr typically shows oxidation states of +4, while Zn usually exhibits a +2 oxidation state. 3. **Conclusion**: - The correct answer is **(c) Zr and Hf have about the same radius**. This is primarily due to the lanthanide contraction, which affects the atomic sizes of these elements. ### Final Answer: The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that **(c) Zr and Hf have about the same radius**.
To solve the question regarding the lanthanide contraction and its effects on the atomic radii of certain elements, we can analyze each option provided in the question. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Lanthanide Contraction**: - The lanthanide contraction refers to the phenomenon where the atomic and ionic sizes of the lanthanide series elements decrease with increasing atomic number. This occurs due to the poor shielding effect of the 4f electrons, which leads to a greater effective nuclear charge felt by the outer electrons. 2. **Analyzing the Options**: ...
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