Which of the following hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle in human beings ?

Options

A. FSH
B. progesterone
C. FSH, LH, estrogen
D. All of the above

Explanation

To answer the question regarding which hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle in human beings, we can break down the menstrual cycle and identify the key hormones involved:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Menstrual Cycle**:
The menstrual cycle is typically around 28 days and can be divided into several phases: the menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.

2. **Identifying Key Hormones**:
- **Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)**:
- Released from the anterior pituitary gland.
- Responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles during the follicular phase (Days 1-5).
- **Luteinizing Hormone (LH)**:
- Also released from the anterior pituitary gland.
- Peaks around Day 14, triggering ovulation (release of the secondary oocyte).
- **Estrogen (Estradiol)**:
- Produced by the developing ovarian follicles.
- Increases during the follicular phase and helps in the thickening of the endometrial lining.
- **Progesterone**:
- Secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation.
- Maintains the endometrial lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

3. **Summarizing Hormonal Roles**:
- FSH promotes follicle development.
- LH triggers ovulation.
- Estrogen prepares the endometrium for implantation.
- Progesterone maintains the endometrium.

4. **Conclusion**:
All these hormones (FSH, LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone) play crucial roles in regulating the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that all of the above hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle in human beings.

### Final Answer:
The hormones involved in the menstrual cycle in human beings are FSH, LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone. Thus, the correct option is "all of the above."

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