Industrial melanism is an example of

Options

A. Neo Darwinism
B. Natural selection
C. Mutation
D. Neo Lamarckism

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Industrial Melanism:**
Industrial melanism refers to the phenomenon where darker-colored individuals of a species become more common in industrial areas due to pollution and changes in the environment.

2. **Context of Natural Selection:**
The concept of natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin, states that individuals with traits that enhance their survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on those traits to the next generation.

3. **Observation of Moths:**
In England, prior to industrialization, the tree trunks were covered with light-colored lichens. Light-colored moths were better camouflaged against this background, leading to their higher survival rates compared to dark-colored moths.

4. **Impact of Industrialization:**
After the Industrial Revolution, pollution caused the tree trunks to become dark due to soot. This change in the environment favored dark-colored moths, as they were now better camouflaged against the dark backgrounds.

5. **Shift in Population Dynamics:**
As a result of this environmental change, the population of dark-colored moths increased due to their survival advantage, while the population of light-colored moths decreased.

6. **Conclusion:**
This case exemplifies natural selection, where the advantageous trait (dark coloration) became more prevalent in the population due to changes in the environment.

7. **Final Answer:**
Therefore, industrial melanism is an example of natural selection.

---