What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors?

Options

A. Shortening of jaws
B. Binocular vision
C. Increasing brain capacity
D. Upright posture

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Evolution**: Begin by recognizing that evolution is an ongoing process that leads to gradual changes in all life forms, including humans. This process has contributed to the complex biodiversity we observe today.

2. **Identifying the Group**: Modern humans (Homo sapiens) belong to the primate group, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans. This classification helps us understand our evolutionary relationships with other species.

3. **Fossil Evidence**: There is substantial fossil evidence indicating that certain apes closely resemble modern humans. These fossils suggest that these apes may be ancestors of Homo sapiens.

4. **Evolutionary Trends**: The evolution of humans occurred over millions of years, marked by various trends. Among these trends, several changes occurred in physical structure and capabilities.

5. **Significant Trend**: The most significant trend observed in the evolution of modern humans is the increase in brain capacity. This trend is crucial as it reflects cognitive development and the ability to use tools and communicate.

6. **Examples of Ancestors**:
- **Homo habilis**: This species had a cranial capacity of about 650 to 800 cm³ and is known for using stone tools.
- **Homo erectus**: This ancestor had a larger brain capacity of around 900 cm³.
- **Neanderthal Man**: This species had a cranial capacity that could reach up to 1400 cm³, sometimes exceeding that of modern humans.

7. **Conclusion**: While other traits such as shorter jaws, binocular vision, and upright posture have developed in humans during evolution, the most significant trend remains the increasing brain size or cranial capacity. This trend is vital for understanding the cognitive advancements that differentiate Homo sapiens from their ancestors.

**Final Answer**: The most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors is the increasing brain capacity.

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