Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

Options

A. `{:(,"Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),(,("a") "Eyes of Octopus and mammals","Bones of forelimbso of vertebrates"):}`
B. `{:(,"Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),(,("b") "Thornos of Bougainvillea and the tendrills of Cucurbita","Wings of butterfiles and birds"):}`
C. `{:(,"Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),(,("c") "Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates","Wings of butterfly and birds"):}`
D. `{:(,"Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),(,("d") "Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Ramapithecus ","Eyes of Octopus and mammals"):}`

Explanation

To solve the question regarding examples of convergent and divergent evolution, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Definitions
- **Convergent Evolution**: This occurs when two unrelated organisms evolve similar traits or structures due to facing similar environmental pressures, despite not sharing a common ancestor. The resulting structures are called **analogous structures**.
- **Divergent Evolution**: This occurs when two related organisms evolve different traits or structures due to different environmental pressures, leading to adaptations that suit their specific environments. The resulting structures are called **homologous structures**.

### Step 2: Identify Examples
- **Example of Convergent Evolution**: Look for organisms that are not closely related but have developed similar structures. A classic example is the **eye of an octopus** and the **eye of a mammal**. Both serve the function of vision but have different anatomical structures and origins.

- **Example of Divergent Evolution**: Look for organisms that are closely related but have developed different structures. An example is the **forelimbs of vertebrates** (like the wings of birds, the arms of humans, and the flippers of whales). These structures share a common anatomical origin but serve different functions.

### Step 3: Analyze the Options
- Review the options provided in the question to identify which one includes the examples of convergent evolution (analogous structures) and divergent evolution (homologous structures).

### Step 4: Select the Correct Option
- Based on the analysis, the correct option is **Option A**, which gives the eye of the octopus as an example of convergent evolution and the forelimbs of vertebrates as an example of divergent evolution.

### Conclusion
Thus, the answer to the question is **Option A**.

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