Among the following compound find the one which is maximum reactive towards electrophilic reagent ?

Options

A.
B.
C.
D.

Answer

To determine which compound is the most reactive towards electrophilic reagents, we need to analyze the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects of the substituents on the benzene ring in each compound. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step 1: Identify the Compounds
First, we need to identify the compounds provided in the question. Let's assume the compounds are:
1. Toluene (C6H5CH3)
2. Methoxybenzene (Anisole, C6H5OCH3)
3. Phenol (C6H5OH)
4. Aniline (C6H5NH2)

### Step 2: Analyze the Substituents
Next, we analyze the substituents on the benzene ring for their effects:
- **Toluene (C6H5CH3)**: The methyl group (–CH3) is an electron-donating group through the +I (inductive effect) but has no resonance effect.
- **Methoxybenzene (C6H5OCH3)**: The methoxy group (–OCH3) has both +I and +M (mesomeric effect) due to the lone pairs on oxygen, which can donate electron density to the benzene ring.
- **Phenol (C6H5OH)**: The hydroxyl group (–OH) also has +I and +M effects, significantly increasing the electron density on the benzene ring.
- **Aniline (C6H5NH2)**: The amino group (–NH2) has +I and +M effects as well, but the presence of an electron-withdrawing group can reduce its effectiveness.

### Step 3: Compare the Effects
Now we compare the overall electron-donating effects of each substituent:
- **Toluene**: Moderate reactivity due to +I effect.
- **Methoxybenzene**: Strong reactivity due to +M effect from the methoxy group.
- **Phenol**: Very strong reactivity due to +M effect from the hydroxyl group, which significantly increases electron density.
- **Aniline**: Strong reactivity, but the electron-withdrawing nature of the attached groups can reduce the effectiveness of the +M effect.

### Step 4: Determine the Most Reactive Compound
Among these compounds, phenol has the strongest +M effect, which increases the electron density on the benzene ring the most. Therefore, it is the most reactive towards electrophilic reagents.

### Conclusion
The compound that is maximum reactive towards electrophilic reagents is **Phenol (C6H5OH)**.