Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively

Options

A. Increased respiratory surface, Inflammation of bronchioles
B. Increased number of bronchioles, Increased respiratory surface
C. Inflammation of bronchioles, Decreased respiratory surface
D. Decreased respiratory surface, Inflammation of bronchioles

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, we need to understand the characteristics of each condition and how they affect the respiratory system.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Asthma**:
- Asthma is primarily characterized by inflammation of the airways, specifically the bronchi and bronchioles.
- This inflammation can lead to narrowing of these air passages, making it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs.
- The alveoli, which are the air sacs where gas exchange occurs, are not directly affected in asthma.

2. **Understanding Emphysema**:
- Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that primarily affects the alveoli.
- In this condition, the walls of the alveoli are damaged, leading to a reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange.
- This damage is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants, particularly cigarette smoke, and results in a decreased efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

3. **Comparing the Two Conditions**:
- In asthma, the problem lies in the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, while the alveoli remain intact.
- In emphysema, the alveoli are damaged, leading to a significant reduction in the surface area for gas exchange.

4. **Selecting the Correct Option**:
- Based on the characteristics outlined, we can conclude that the correct representation of lung conditions in asthma and emphysema is:
- Asthma: Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
- Emphysema: Damage to alveoli leading to decreased respiratory surface area
- Therefore, the correct answer is option C, which accurately describes these conditions.