Which of the following yield maximum energy

Options

A. By glycolysis in a sprinter
B. Aerobic respiration in germinating seeds
C. Fermentation by yeast
D. Anaerobic respiration

Answer

To determine which process yields the maximum energy, we will evaluate each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Types of Respiration**:
- There are two main types of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic.
- **Aerobic respiration** occurs in the presence of oxygen and is more efficient in energy production.
- **Anaerobic respiration** occurs in the absence of oxygen and generally yields less energy.

2. **Evaluating the First Option: Glycolysis in a Sprinter**:
- Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm.
- In sprinters, due to the high intensity of their activity, muscles may rely on anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation) for quick energy.
- Anaerobic respiration yields only 2 ATP per glucose molecule, which is relatively low.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect as it does not yield maximum energy.

3. **Evaluating the Second Option: Aerobic Respiration in Germinating Seeds**:
- Aerobic respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
- It produces 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, which is significantly higher than anaerobic processes.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct as it yields maximum energy.

4. **Evaluating the Third Option: Fermentation by Yeast**:
- Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
- The energy yield from fermentation is also low, typically around 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect as it does not yield maximum energy.

5. **Evaluating the Fourth Option: Anaerobic Respiration**:
- Anaerobic respiration, in general, yields less energy compared to aerobic respiration.
- Similar to fermentation, it typically produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect as it does not yield maximum energy.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **aerobic respiration in germinating seeds**, as it yields the maximum energy.

---