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The orientation of an atomic orbital is ...

The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by :

A

Azimuthal quantum number

B

Spin quantum number

C

Magnetic quantum number

D

Principal quantum number

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the orientation of an atomic orbital, we need to analyze the given options based on the definitions of quantum numbers: 1. **Azimuthal Quantum Number (l)**: This quantum number describes the shape of the orbital (s, p, d, f) but does not provide information about its orientation in space. Therefore, this option is not correct. 2. **Spin Quantum Number (s)**: This quantum number indicates the spin direction of the electron (either +1/2 or -1/2). It does not relate to the spatial orientation of the orbital itself. Hence, this option is also not correct. 3. **Magnetic Quantum Number (m_l)**: This quantum number specifically describes the orientation of the orbital in space. It can take on integer values from -l to +l, where l is the azimuthal quantum number. Thus, this option is the correct one as it directly relates to the orientation of atomic orbitals. 4. **Principal Quantum Number (n)**: This quantum number indicates the energy level and the average distance of the electron from the nucleus but does not provide information about the orientation of the orbital. Therefore, this option is incorrect. Based on this analysis, the correct answer is the **Magnetic Quantum Number (m_l)**. **Final Answer**: The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by the **Magnetic Quantum Number (m_l)**. ---
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