Identify the incorrect statement from the following:

Options

A. Zirconium and hafnium have identical radii of 160pm and 159pm, respectively as a consequence of lanthnoid contraction.
B. Lanthanoids reveal only +3 oxidation state
C. The lanthanoid ions other than the `f^0` type and the 1f^(14)` type are all paramagnetic
D. The overall decrease in atomic and ionic radii from lanthanum to luetetium is called lanthanoid contraction

Answer

To identify the incorrect statement from the given options, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step 1: Analyze the First Statement
**Statement:** Zirconium and hafnium have identical radii of 160 picometers and 159 picometers respectively as a consequence of lengthened contraction.

**Analysis:**
- Zirconium (Zr) is a 4d transition element, and hafnium (Hf) is a 5d transition element.
- Typically, atomic radii increase down a group due to the addition of principal energy levels.
- However, the presence of f-orbitals in hafnium leads to poor shielding, which results in a smaller increase in size than expected.
- Therefore, this statement is **correct**.

### Step 2: Analyze the Second Statement
**Statement:** Lanthanides reveal only +3 oxidation state.

**Analysis:**
- Lanthanides can exhibit oxidation states of +2, +3, and +4.
- The +3 oxidation state is the most stable, but the existence of +2 and +4 states is well-documented.
- Hence, this statement is **incorrect**.

### Step 3: Analyze the Third Statement
**Statement:** The lanthanide ion other than F0 type and the F14 type are all paramagnetic.

**Analysis:**
- The general electronic configuration of lanthanides is 4f^1 to 4f^14, 5d^0 or 1, and 6s^2.
- F0 type (4f^0) and F14 type (4f^14) configurations have paired electrons and exhibit diamagnetism.
- All other configurations (from F1 to F13) have unpaired electrons and are paramagnetic.
- Therefore, this statement is **correct**.

### Step 4: Analyze the Fourth Statement
**Statement:** The overall decrease in the atomic and ionic radii from lanthanum to lutetium is called lanthanide contraction.

**Analysis:**
- The phenomenon of decreasing atomic and ionic radii from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu) is indeed referred to as lanthanide contraction.
- This is due to the poor shielding effect of the f-orbitals as we move across the series.
- Hence, this statement is **correct**.

### Conclusion
After analyzing all the statements, we find that the **incorrect statement** is the second one: "Lanthanoids reveal only +3 oxidation state."