The phenomenon of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other habitats is called :-

Options

A. Saltation
B. Co-evolution
C. Natural selection
D. Adaptive radiation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question:**
- The question asks about a specific phenomenon related to the evolution of different species in a specific geographical area, starting from a common point and spreading to other habitats.

2. **Identifying Key Terms:**
- The key terms in the question are "evolution," "different species," "geographical area," "common point," and "spreading to other habitats."

3. **Clarifying the Concept:**
- The phenomenon described involves a single ancestral species evolving into multiple different species as they adapt to various environments. This is a common evolutionary process.

4. **Defining Adaptive Radiation:**
- The correct term for this process is "adaptive radiation." This refers to the diversification of a common ancestor into various forms that adapt to different environments.

5. **Examples of Adaptive Radiation:**
- A classic example of adaptive radiation is seen in marsupials in Australia, where a common ancestor evolved into various species that occupy different ecological niches.

6. **Eliminating Incorrect Options:**
- Other options mentioned include:
- **Saltation:** Refers to a single step large mutation, which is not relevant to the question.
- **Coevolution:** Involves the evolution of two or more species that interact closely, which does not fit the description given.
- **Natural Selection:** Describes the process by which the fittest organisms survive and reproduce, but it does not specifically refer to the diversification from a common ancestor.

7. **Conclusion:**
- Based on the understanding of the concepts and elimination of incorrect options, the correct answer to the question is "adaptive radiation."

**Final Answer:**
The phenomenon of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other habitats is called **adaptive radiation**.

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