TheTotal Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accomodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes :

Options

A. RV, IC (Inspiratory Capacity), EC (Expiratory Capacity), and ERV
B. RV, ERV, IC and EC
C. RV, ERV, VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
D. RV (Residual Volume), ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume), TV (Tidal Volume), and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)

Answer

To solve the question regarding Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and what it includes, we can break it down step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Total Lung Capacity (TLC)**:
- Total Lung Capacity is defined as the total volume of air that the lungs can hold at the end of a forced inspiration.

2. **Identifying the Components of TLC**:
- TLC consists of several lung volumes:
- **Residual Volume (RV)**: The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. This volume cannot be exhaled and is approximately 1200 ml.
- **Tidal Volume (TV)**: The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, which is about 500 ml.
- **Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)**: The additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation, typically around 2500 ml.
- **Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)**: The additional air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation, usually about 1100 ml.

3. **Calculating Total Lung Capacity**:
- To find the Total Lung Capacity, we add all these volumes together:
- TLC = RV + TV + IRV + ERV
- TLC = 1200 ml (RV) + 500 ml (TV) + 2500 ml (IRV) + 1100 ml (ERV)
- TLC = 5200 ml or 5300 ml (depending on individual variations).

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, Total Lung Capacity (TLC) includes all four volumes: Residual Volume (RV), Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).

### Final Answer:
The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) includes:
- Residual Volume (RV)
- Tidal Volume (TV)
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)