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Let f(x) be a real valued function not i...

Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero, which satisfied the following conditions
I. `f(x + y^(2n + 1)) = f(x) + (f(y))^(2n+1), n in N, x, y` are any real numbers.
II. `f'(0) ge 0`
The value of f(x), is

A

2x

B

`x^(2) + x + 1`

C

x

D

None of these

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the problem, we need to analyze the given functional equation and the conditions provided. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Functional Equation**: We start with the functional equation given: \[ f(x + y^{2n + 1}) = f(x) + (f(y))^{2n + 1} \] for all \( n \in \mathbb{N} \) and real numbers \( x, y \). 2. **Setting Initial Values**: Let's set \( x = 0 \) and \( y = 0 \) in the functional equation: \[ f(0 + 0^{2n + 1}) = f(0) + (f(0))^{2n + 1} \] This simplifies to: \[ f(0) = f(0) + (f(0))^{2n + 1} \] Rearranging gives: \[ (f(0))^{2n + 1} = 0 \] Thus, we conclude that: \[ f(0) = 0 \] 3. **Using the Derivative Condition**: We are given that \( f'(0) \geq 0 \). This implies: \[ \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(h) - f(0)}{h} \geq 0 \] Since \( f(0) = 0 \), this simplifies to: \[ \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(h)}{h} \geq 0 \] Therefore, if \( h > 0 \), we have \( f(h) \geq 0 \). 4. **Exploring Values of \( f(1) \)**: Now, let's set \( x = 0 \) and \( y = 1 \) in the original functional equation: \[ f(0 + 1^{2n + 1}) = f(0) + (f(1))^{2n + 1} \] This simplifies to: \[ f(1) = 0 + (f(1))^{2n + 1} \] This gives us: \[ f(1) = (f(1))^{2n + 1} \] This implies two cases: - Case 1: \( f(1) = 0 \) - Case 2: \( f(1) = 1 \) 5. **Analyzing Case 1**: If \( f(1) = 0 \), then substituting back into the functional equation: \[ f(x + 1) = f(x) + 0 \] This implies: \[ f(x + 1) = f(x) \] This would mean \( f(x) \) is constant for all \( x \), contradicting the condition that \( f(x) \) is not identically zero. 6. **Analyzing Case 2**: If \( f(1) = 1 \), we can substitute into the functional equation: \[ f(x + 1) = f(x) + 1 \] This implies: - For \( x = 1 \): \( f(2) = f(1) + 1 = 2 \) - For \( x = 2 \): \( f(3) = f(2) + 1 = 3 \) - Continuing this, we find that \( f(n) = n \) for all natural numbers \( n \). 7. **Generalizing**: By induction or by observing the pattern, we can conclude that: \[ f(x) = x \] for all real \( x \). 8. **Final Conclusion**: Therefore, the value of \( f(x) \) is: \[ \boxed{x} \]
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