What is meant by the terms of half-life of a radioactive substance and binding energy of a nucleus?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

**1. Definition of Half-Life of a Radioactive Substance:**
- The half-life of a radioactive substance is defined as the time required for the quantity of the radioactive substance to reduce to half of its initial amount due to radioactive decay.

**2. Mathematical Representation:**
- The relationship can be expressed mathematically. If \( N_0 \) is the initial number of radioactive atoms, the number of atoms remaining after time \( t \) is given by:
\[
...