With reference to semiconductor devices, define a p-type semiconductor and a Zener diode. What is the use of a Zener diode?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**Step 1: Define a p-type semiconductor.**
A p-type semiconductor is an extrinsic semiconductor that is created by doping a pure semiconductor (like silicon or germanium) with a trivalent impurity. Trivalent impurities are elements that have three valence electrons, such as boron, gallium, or indium. When these impurities are introduced into the semiconductor, they create "holes" or positive charge carriers, which enhance the conductivity of the material.

**Step 2: Define a Zener diode.**
A Zener diode is a special type of p-n junction diode that is heavily doped, resulting in a very thin depletion region. This unique structure allows the Zener diode to operate in reverse bias and maintain a constant voltage across it, known as the Zener breakdown voltage.

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