Give chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds: Benzyl chloride and chlorobenzene.

Explanation

To distinguish between benzyl chloride (C6H5CH2Cl) and chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl), we can perform a chemical test using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) followed by silver nitrate (AgNO3). Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
- **Procedure**: Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution to a sample of the compound.
- **Expected Outcome**:
- **Benzyl Chloride**: Benzyl chloride will react with NaOH. The hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a nucleophile and replaces the chlorine atom, forming benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
- **Chlorobenzene**: Chlorobenzene does not react with NaOH under normal conditions because the chlorine atom is attached to the aromatic ring, making it very stable and resistant to nucleophilic substitution.

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