Conversion of Benzene to p-Nitrobenzoic acid

Explanation

To convert benzene to p-nitrobenzoic acid, we will follow a series of steps involving specific reactions. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
1. **Starting Material**: Begin with benzene (C6H6).
2. **Reagents**: Use a suitable alkyl halide (like methyl chloride, CH3Cl) and anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst.
3. **Reaction**: The alkyl halide reacts with benzene in the presence of AlCl3 to form toluene (C6H5CH3).
- **Equation**: C6H6 + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl

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