Conversion of Benzene into meta-dinitrobenzene

Explanation

To convert benzene into meta-dinitrobenzene, we will follow a two-step nitration process. Here’s the step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Nitration of Benzene
1. **Starting Material**: Begin with benzene (C6H6).
2. **Reagents**: Use concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as nitrating agents.
3. **Reaction**: The mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 generates the nitronium ion (NO2+), which is the active nitrating species.
4. **Product Formation**: When benzene reacts with the nitronium ion, one hydrogen atom is replaced by a nitro group (NO2), resulting in nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).

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