Conversion of Nitrobenzene to phenol

Explanation

To convert nitrobenzene to phenol, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline
- Start with nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).
- Reduce the nitro group (NO2) to an amino group (NH2) using a reducing agent. A common method is to use Sn (tin) and HCl (hydrochloric acid) in a process known as Stifling reduction.

**Reaction:**
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + \text{Sn} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + \text{SnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
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