Conversion of Benzoic acid into phenol

Explanation

To convert benzoic acid into phenol, we can follow a series of chemical reactions. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Decarboxylation of Benzoic Acid
- **Reaction**: Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is treated with soda lime (a mixture of NaOH and CaO) and heated.
- **Product**: This reaction results in the removal of the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and yields benzene (C6H6).

### Step 2: Nitration of Benzene
- **Reaction**: The benzene obtained from the previous step is then subjected to nitration using concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
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