Conversion of Benzaldehyde to m-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

Explanation

To convert benzaldehyde to m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, we can follow a series of steps that involve nitration, reduction, diazotization, and hydrolysis. Here’s the step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Nitration
1. **Starting Material**: Begin with benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO).
2. **Reagents**: Use concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as nitrating agents.
3. **Reaction**: The nitration process introduces a nitro group (-NO2) at the meta position due to the meta-directing effect of the aldehyde group (CHO).
4. **Product**: The product of this reaction is m-nitrobenzaldehyde (C6H4(NO2)CHO).

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