Conversion of Aniline to phenol

Explanation

To convert aniline to phenol, we can follow a two-step process involving diazotization and hydrolysis. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Diazotization of Aniline
1. **Start with Aniline**: Aniline is an aromatic primary amine with the formula C6H5NH2.
2. **React with Nitrous Acid**: To perform diazotization, aniline is treated with nitrous acid (HNO2), which can be generated in situ by mixing sodium nitrite (NaNO2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a low temperature (0 to 5°C).
3. **Formation of Diazonium Salt**: The reaction leads to the formation of a diazonium salt, specifically benzenediazonium chloride (C6H5N2Cl). The reaction can be represented as:
\[
C6H5NH2 + HNO2 \rightarrow C6H5N2^+Cl^- + 2H2O
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