Conversion of Toluene into p-xylene

Explanation

To convert toluene into p-xylene, we will follow a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Identify the starting material and target product
- **Starting Material**: Toluene (C6H5CH3)
- **Target Product**: p-Xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene, C6H4(CH3)2)

### Step 2: Understand the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the introduction of an alkyl group into an aromatic ring. In this case, we will add a second methyl group to the aromatic ring of toluene.
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