Conversion of Benzoic acid to m-Fluorobenzoic acid (in not more than 3 steps)

Explanation

To convert benzoic acid to m-fluorobenzoic acid in not more than three steps, we can follow this procedure:

### Step 1: Nitration of Benzoic Acid
- **Reaction**: Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is reacted with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- **Mechanism**: The nitration reaction introduces a nitro group (NO2) at the meta position of the benzene ring due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the carboxylic acid group (COOH).
- **Product**: The product formed is m-nitrobenzoic acid (C6H4(NO2)COOH).

### Step 2: Reduction of Nitro Group to Amino Group
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