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Arrange the following halides in order o...

Arrange the following halides in order of increasing `S_N^(2)` reactivity:
`CH_3Cl, CH_3Br , CH_3 CH_2 Cl, (CH_3)_2CHCl`.

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To arrange the given halides in order of increasing \( S_N^2 \) reactivity, we need to consider two main factors: steric hindrance and bond strength of the carbon-halogen bond. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Halides**: The halides given are: - \( CH_3Cl \) (Methyl chloride) - \( CH_3Br \) (Methyl bromide) - \( CH_3CH_2Cl \) (Ethyl chloride) - \( (CH_3)_2CHCl \) (Isopropyl chloride) 2. **Understand \( S_N^2 \) Mechanism**: The \( S_N^2 \) reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution where the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom from the opposite side of the leaving group, resulting in a transition state. The reactivity is influenced by: - **Steric Hindrance**: More steric hindrance (bulkier groups) decreases \( S_N^2 \) reactivity. - **Bond Strength**: Weaker bonds (easier to break) increase \( S_N^2 \) reactivity. 3. **Analyze Steric Hindrance**: - \( CH_3Cl \) and \( CH_3Br \) have no steric hindrance as they are primary halides. - \( CH_3CH_2Cl \) is also a primary halide but has slightly more steric hindrance than \( CH_3Cl \) and \( CH_3Br \). - \( (CH_3)_2CHCl \) is a secondary halide with the most steric hindrance due to the two methyl groups attached to the carbon. 4. **Analyze Bond Strength**: - The bond strength of \( C-Cl \) is stronger than that of \( C-Br \). Therefore, \( CH_3Cl \) will be less reactive than \( CH_3Br \) because the \( C-Br \) bond is weaker and can break more easily. 5. **Rank the Halides**: - The least reactive will be the one with the highest steric hindrance and strongest bond. - Order of increasing \( S_N^2 \) reactivity: 1. \( (CH_3)_2CHCl \) (most steric hindrance, secondary halide) 2. \( CH_3CH_2Cl \) (primary halide, more steric hindrance than methyl halides) 3. \( CH_3Cl \) (stronger bond, less reactive than \( CH_3Br \)) 4. \( CH_3Br \) (weaker bond, more reactive) ### Final Order: \[ (CH_3)_2CHCl < CH_3CH_2Cl < CH_3Cl < CH_3Br \]
To arrange the given halides in order of increasing \( S_N^2 \) reactivity, we need to consider two main factors: steric hindrance and bond strength of the carbon-halogen bond. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Halides**: The halides given are: - \( CH_3Cl \) (Methyl chloride) - \( CH_3Br \) (Methyl bromide) - \( CH_3CH_2Cl \) (Ethyl chloride) ...
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