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Describe the synthetic reactions of alky...

Describe the synthetic reactions of alkyl halides, illustrating how a wide variety of organic compounds can be synthesised from them?

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Knowledge Check

  • Grignard reagent, a very useful starting compound for a number of organic reactions can be prepared by

    A
    reaction of alkyl halides with a solution of magnesium hydroxide
    B
    reaction of alkyl halides with a solution of magnesium powder in presence of dry ether
    C
    reaction of `MgCl_2` with ether and alcohol
    D
    reaction of alkyl halide with magnesium in presence of alcohol.

  • In the given pairs of alkyl-halide, in which pair the first compound is more reactive than second compound toward S_(N^2) reaction ?

    A
    `(CH_3)_(2)CHBr" or "CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-Br`
    B
    `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-Br" or "CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-1
    C
    `Ph-Br" or " CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-Br`
    D
    `CH_(2)=CH-CH_(2)-Cl" or "H_(2)C=CH-Cl`

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    Read the given passage and answer the questions number 1 to 5 that follow: The substitution reaction of alkyl halide mainly occurs by S_N 1 and S_N 2 mechanism. Whatever mechanism alkyl halides follow for the substitution reaction to occur, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond is responsible for these substitution reactions. The rate of S_N 1 reactions are governed by the stability of carbocation whereas for S_N 2 reactions steric factor is the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may end up with an inverted product or racemic mixture depending upon the type of mechanism followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI also governed by steric factor and stability of carbocation, which indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major factors help us in deciding the kind of product formed 1. Predict the stereochemistry of the product formed if an optically active alkyl halide undergoes substitution reaction by S_N 1 mechanism. 2. Name the instrument used for measuring the angle by which the plane polarised light is rotated. 3. Predict the major product formed when 2-Bromopentane reacts with alcoholic KOH. 4. Give one use of CHI_3 5. Write the structures of the products formed when anisole is treated with HI.

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