Which one of the following scientists is credited with overthrowing the phlogiston theory and establishing the actual nature of chemical oxidations on combustions and their similarity to respiration in animals?

Options

A. Antoine Lavoisier
B. Joseph Priestly
C. Jean Baptiste van Helmont
D. Joseph Dalton Hooker

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which scientist is credited with overthrowing the phlogiston theory and establishing the nature of chemical oxidations related to combustion and respiration in animals.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- Antonin Lavoisier
- Joseph Priestley
- Jean-Baptiste Van Helmont
- Joseph Dalton Hooker

3. **Reviewing Historical Context**: The phlogiston theory was an early scientific theory that attempted to explain combustion and oxidation. It was eventually disproven by advancements in the understanding of chemical processes.

4. **Recognizing Key Contributions**: Among the listed scientists, Anton Lavoisier is known for his significant contributions to chemistry, particularly in the study of combustion and respiration. He is often referred to as the "father of modern chemistry."

5. **Lavoisier's Discoveries**: Lavoisier discovered oxygen and explored its role in combustion and respiration, establishing that oxygen is essential for both processes. His work helped to clarify the relationship between respiration in animals and combustion.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the historical contributions and the context of the question, the correct answer is Anton Lavoisier.

**Final Answer**: Anton Lavoisier

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