Glycolysis and fermentation

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

**Step 1: Definition of Glycolysis**
- Glycolysis is the biochemical process that converts glucose into pyruvate or lactate. This conversion depends on the availability of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glucose is converted into pyruvate, while in the absence of oxygen, it is converted into lactate.

**Step 2: Definition of Fermentation**
- Fermentation is a metabolic process that follows glycolysis when oxygen is not available. In this process, the pyruvate produced from glycolysis is further converted into either alcohol (ethanol) or lactic acid, along with the release of carbon dioxide (CO2).

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