Of the following reduction processes, correct processes are :

Options

A. `Fe_(2)O_(3)+C to Fe`
B. `ZnO+C to Zn `
C. `Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)+C to P`
D. `PbO+C to Pb`

Answer

To determine which of the reduction processes listed in the question are correct, we will analyze each option based on the principles of metallurgy and thermodynamics.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Reduction Processes**:
- Reduction is a chemical process where a substance gains electrons, often involving the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen. In metallurgy, reduction is commonly used to extract metals from their ores.

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Option 1**: Iron Oxide + Carbon → Iron
- This reaction is a valid reduction process. Carbon can reduce iron oxide (FeO or Fe2O3) to iron (Fe) at high temperatures. This process is commonly used in blast furnaces.

- **Option 2**: Zinc Oxide + Carbon → Zinc
- This reaction is also a valid reduction process. Zinc oxide (ZnO) can be reduced to zinc (Zn) using carbon as a reducing agent at high temperatures (around 1673 K). This reaction is spontaneous under these conditions.

- **Option 3**: Ca3(PO4)2 + Carbon → Phosphorus
- This reaction is not a typical reduction process for phosphorus. Calcium phosphate does not directly yield phosphorus through carbon reduction. Phosphorus is usually obtained from phosphate rock through a different process, often involving high temperatures and silica.

- **Option 4**: Lead Oxide + Carbon → Lead
- This reaction is a valid reduction process. Lead oxide (PbO) can be reduced to lead (Pb) using carbon as a reducing agent. This is commonly done in metallurgy.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The correct reduction processes from the options provided are:
- Option 1: Iron Oxide + Carbon → Iron (Correct)
- Option 2: Zinc Oxide + Carbon → Zinc (Correct)
- Option 4: Lead Oxide + Carbon → Lead (Correct)
- Option 3 is incorrect.

### Final Answer:
The correct reduction processes are **Option 1, Option 2, and Option 4**.