Sodium bicarbonate has :

Options

A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. All of these

Answer

To answer the question "Sodium bicarbonate has:", we will analyze the structure and bonding in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the Composition of Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, has the chemical formula NaHCO₃. It consists of sodium ions (Na⁺), bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻), which is made up of hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms.

**Hint:** Look at the chemical formula to identify the ions present in the compound.

### Step 2: Analyze the Ionic Bonding
In sodium bicarbonate, sodium (Na) is a metal that loses one electron to form a positively charged ion (Na⁺). The bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) is formed when hydrogen (H) is covalently bonded to a carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻). The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sodium ion and the negatively charged bicarbonate ion results in an ionic bond.

**Hint:** Remember that ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals due to the transfer of electrons.

### Step 3: Analyze the Covalent Bonding in Bicarbonate Ion
The bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) contains covalent bonds. The carbon atom is covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms, and one of those oxygen atoms is also bonded to a hydrogen atom. The bonds between carbon and oxygen, as well as the bond between oxygen and hydrogen, are covalent in nature.

**Hint:** Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, typically between non-metals.

### Step 4: Consider Other Types of Bonds
While sodium bicarbonate primarily exhibits ionic and covalent bonds, it does not have hydrogen bonds in its solid state. Hydrogen bonds can occur in solutions or in certain molecular interactions but are not a defining characteristic of sodium bicarbonate itself.

**Hint:** Hydrogen bonds are typically weaker interactions that occur between molecules, not within ionic or covalent structures.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Sodium bicarbonate has both ionic bonds (between Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻) and covalent bonds (within the HCO₃⁻ ion).
- Therefore, the correct answer is that sodium bicarbonate has ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

### Final Answer
Sodium bicarbonate has ionic bonds and covalent bonds.