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The conversion of pig iron to steel freq...

The conversion of pig iron to steel frequently requires the addition of:
(I) oxygen or iron oxide (II) transition elements (III)inner transition elements (IV)silica

A

I, II, III

B

I, II

C

II, III

D

I only

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the conversion of pig iron to steel and the required additions, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Pig Iron**: - Pig iron is produced by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. It contains a high carbon content and various impurities. 2. **Conversion Process**: - The conversion of pig iron to steel involves reducing the carbon content and removing impurities. This is typically done by blowing oxygen into the molten pig iron. 3. **Role of Oxygen**: - When oxygen (O2) is blown through molten pig iron, it reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide (CO2), thus lowering the carbon content. This process is crucial as steel requires a lower carbon content compared to pig iron. 4. **Role of Iron Oxide**: - Iron oxide can also be added to the molten pig iron. It serves a similar purpose to oxygen by oxidizing impurities and aiding in the removal of unwanted elements in the form of slag. 5. **Transition Elements**: - Transition elements, such as manganese (Mn), are often added to steel to improve its properties. Manganese acts as a deoxidizer and helps in reducing iron oxides, while also enhancing the hardness and tensile strength of the steel. 6. **Inner Transition Elements and Silica**: - Inner transition elements (lanthanides and actinides) are not typically involved in the conversion of pig iron to steel. Silica (SiO2) is usually considered an impurity and is removed during the process rather than added. 7. **Conclusion**: - Based on the roles described, the correct additions for the conversion of pig iron to steel are: - (I) Oxygen or iron oxide - (II) Transition elements Thus, the correct answer is options (I) and (II). ### Final Answer: The conversion of pig iron to steel frequently requires the addition of: - (I) Oxygen or iron oxide - (II) Transition elements
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