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Atomicity of white or yellow phosphorus ...

Atomicity of white or yellow phosphorus is 4 annd it is represented as `P_(4)` molecule
Calculate the value of expresion`(x*y)/(z)` regarding this molecule.
Where x: total number of vertex angles in `P_(4)` molecule.
y: Total number of lone pairs in `P_(4)` molecule
z: total number of P-P bonds in `P_(4)` molecule.

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To solve the problem, we need to calculate the value of the expression \((x \cdot y) / z\) for the molecule \(P_4\) (white or yellow phosphorus). We will find the values of \(x\), \(y\), and \(z\) based on the definitions provided. ### Step 1: Determine \(x\) (Total number of vertex angles in \(P_4\) molecule) 1. **Understanding the structure of \(P_4\)**: The \(P_4\) molecule has a tetrahedral structure. Each phosphorus atom is connected to three other phosphorus atoms. 2. **Counting vertex angles**: In a tetrahedral structure, each vertex (corner) has three angles. Since there are four phosphorus atoms (vertices), we calculate: \[ x = \text{Number of vertices} \times \text{Angles per vertex} = 4 \times 3 = 12 \] ### Step 2: Determine \(y\) (Total number of lone pairs in \(P_4\) molecule) 1. **Valence electrons of phosphorus**: Each phosphorus atom has 5 valence electrons. 2. **Bonds formed**: Each phosphorus in \(P_4\) forms three bonds with other phosphorus atoms, using 3 of its 5 valence electrons. 3. **Calculating lone pairs**: Each phosphorus atom will have: \[ \text{Lone pairs} = \text{Total valence electrons} - \text{Bonds formed} = 5 - 3 = 2 \] Since there are 4 phosphorus atoms, the total number of lone pairs in \(P_4\) is: \[ y = 4 \times 1 = 4 \] ### Step 3: Determine \(z\) (Total number of P-P bonds in \(P_4\) molecule) 1. **Counting P-P bonds**: In the \(P_4\) structure, each phosphorus atom is bonded to three other phosphorus atoms. The total number of P-P bonds can be counted as follows: - Each bond is counted twice (once for each atom), so we count the bonds formed by each atom and divide by 2. - The total number of bonds is: \[ z = \frac{4 \times 3}{2} = 6 \] ### Step 4: Calculate the expression \((x \cdot y) / z\) Now that we have the values: - \(x = 12\) - \(y = 4\) - \(z = 6\) We can substitute these values into the expression: \[ \frac{x \cdot y}{z} = \frac{12 \cdot 4}{6} \] Calculating this gives: \[ \frac{48}{6} = 8 \] ### Final Answer The value of the expression \((x \cdot y) / z\) for the \(P_4\) molecule is **8**. ---

To solve the problem, we need to calculate the value of the expression \((x \cdot y) / z\) for the molecule \(P_4\) (white or yellow phosphorus). We will find the values of \(x\), \(y\), and \(z\) based on the definitions provided. ### Step 1: Determine \(x\) (Total number of vertex angles in \(P_4\) molecule) 1. **Understanding the structure of \(P_4\)**: The \(P_4\) molecule has a tetrahedral structure. Each phosphorus atom is connected to three other phosphorus atoms. 2. **Counting vertex angles**: In a tetrahedral structure, each vertex (corner) has three angles. Since there are four phosphorus atoms (vertices), we calculate: \[ x = \text{Number of vertices} \times \text{Angles per vertex} = 4 \times 3 = 12 ...
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