Among the following, the molecule with the highest dipole moment is :

Options

A. `CH_(3)Cl`
B. `CH_(2)Cl_(2)`
C. `CHCl_(3)`
D. `C Cl_(4)`

Answer

To determine which molecule has the highest dipole moment among the given options, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand Dipole Moment
The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It depends on the electronegativity of the atoms involved and the geometry of the molecule.

### Step 2: Identify the Molecules
Let's consider the molecules mentioned in the video:
1. CH3Cl (Methyl chloride)
2. CH2Cl2 (Dichloromethane)
3. CHCl3 (Chloroform)
4. CCl4 (Carbon tetrachloride)

### Step 3: Analyze Electronegativity
- **Electronegativity of atoms**:
- Chlorine (Cl) is more electronegative than Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H).
- Oxygen (O) is more electronegative than Hydrogen (H).

### Step 4: Determine the Dipole Moments
- **CH3Cl**: The dipole moment is directed towards Cl, resulting in a dipole moment of approximately 1.87 Debye.
- **CH2Cl2**: The dipole moment is influenced by two Cl atoms, resulting in a dipole moment of approximately 1.59 Debye.
- **CHCl3**: The dipole moment is directed towards the three Cl atoms, resulting in a dipole moment of approximately 1.01 Debye.
- **CCl4**: This molecule is symmetrical, and thus has no net dipole moment (0 Debye).

### Step 5: Compare the Dipole Moments
Now, we compare the calculated dipole moments:
- CH3Cl: 1.87 Debye
- CH2Cl2: 1.59 Debye
- CHCl3: 1.01 Debye
- CCl4: 0 Debye

### Step 6: Conclusion
The molecule with the highest dipole moment among the given options is **CH3Cl (Methyl chloride)** with a dipole moment of 1.87 Debye.

---