Siphonogama includes

Options

A. Bryophyta and thallophyta
B. Pteridophyta and Bryophyta
C. Gymnosperm and angiosperm
D. Thallophyta and gymnosperm

Answer

To answer the question "Siphonogama includes," we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the term "Siphonogama"
- Siphonogama refers to a group of plants that are seed-producing. This term is often used interchangeably with "Spermatophyta."

### Step 2: Classify plants into two main categories
- In the plant kingdom, plants are broadly classified into two categories:
1. **Cryptogams**: These are non-seed producing plants (e.g., algae, mosses, ferns).
2. **Phanerogams**: These are seed-producing plants.

### Step 3: Identify the types of Phanerogams
- Phanerogams can be further divided into two main groups:
1. **Gymnosperms**: These are plants that produce seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (e.g., conifers).
2. **Angiosperms**: These are plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit (e.g., flowering plants).

### Step 4: Conclude the answer
- Since Siphonogama refers to seed-producing plants, it includes both Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Therefore, the correct answer is that Siphonogama includes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

### Final Answer:
Siphonogama includes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

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