The evolutionary advanced features of Selaginella are
(a) Heterospory
(b) Endosporic development of gametophyte
(c) Reduced gametophyte
(d) Localization of sporangium bearing appendages in strobili
(e) Unisexual gametophytes
(f) Fertilization with the help of water

Options

A. All are correct.
B. All except (f) are correct.
C. All except (e) and (f) are correct.
D. All except (c) are correct.

Answer

To determine the evolutionary advanced features of Selaginella, we will analyze each of the provided options step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Heterospory**:
- Heterospory refers to the production of two distinct types of spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female).
- In Selaginella, this feature is significant as it represents an advanced reproductive strategy compared to other plants that produce only one type of spore (homospory).
- **Conclusion**: Heterospory is an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Correct)**

2. **Endosporic Development of Gametophyte**:
- Endosporic development means that the gametophyte develops within the spore wall, allowing it to be protected and nourished.
- In Selaginella, this type of development is observed, which is an advanced trait as it allows for better survival and adaptation.
- **Conclusion**: Endosporic development of gametophyte is an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Correct)**

3. **Reduced Gametophyte**:
- The gametophyte generation in Selaginella is reduced in size compared to the sporophyte generation.
- This reduction is an evolutionary advancement as it allows for a more dominant sporophyte phase, which is more complex and capable of greater survival.
- **Conclusion**: Reduced gametophyte is an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Correct)**

4. **Localization of Sporangium Bearing Appendages in Strobili**:
- In Selaginella, the sporangia are localized in strobili (cone-like structures), which is an adaptation for efficient reproduction.
- This organization allows for better dispersal of spores and is an advanced trait in the plant kingdom.
- **Conclusion**: Localization of sporangium bearing appendages in strobili is an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Correct)**

5. **Unisexual Gametophytes**:
- Selaginella produces unisexual gametophytes, meaning that there are separate male and female gametophytes.
- This separation is considered an advanced reproductive strategy as it promotes genetic diversity through cross-fertilization.
- **Conclusion**: Unisexual gametophytes are an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Correct)**

6. **Fertilization with the Help of Water**:
- Fertilization in Selaginella does require water for the sperm to swim to the egg, which is a characteristic shared with many other plants.
- While this is a common feature in many plant groups, it is not considered an advanced feature as it does not provide a significant evolutionary advantage.
- **Conclusion**: Fertilization with the help of water is NOT an advanced feature of Selaginella. **(Incorrect)**

### Final Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, the evolutionary advanced features of Selaginella include:
- Heterospory
- Endosporic development of gametophyte
- Reduced gametophyte
- Localization of sporangium bearing appendages in strobili
- Unisexual gametophytes

The only feature that is NOT considered advanced is the requirement for water in fertilization. Therefore, the correct answer is that all features except for F (fertilization with the help of water) are advanced.

### Answer:
**All options except F are correct.**

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