Vessel-less angiosperms are

Options

A. Tepacenpaceae
B. Trochodendraceae
C. Winteraceae
D. All of these

Answer

To answer the question "Vessel-less angiosperms are," we need to identify the angiosperms that lack vessel elements in their xylem. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Vessel Elements**:
- Vessel elements are specialized cells in the xylem of angiosperms that facilitate efficient water conduction.
- Most angiosperms possess vessel elements, but some do not.

2. **Identifying Vessel-less Angiosperms**:
- Certain angiosperms are classified as vessel-less. These plants rely on tracheids, which are a more primitive form of water-conducting cells.

3. **Listing Families and Examples**:
- The video mentions several families of vessel-less angiosperms:
- **Winteraceae**: Example - *Vintera*
- **Tetracentraceae**: Example - *Tetracentron*
- **Trochodendraceae**: Example - *Trochodendron*
- **Amborellaceae**: Example - *Amborella*
- **Chloranthaceae**: Example - *Chloranthus*

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since all the mentioned families contain vessel-less angiosperms, the correct answer to the question is **option D: All of these**.

### Final Answer:
Vessel-less angiosperms are **all of these** (Tapas NPC, Trochodendrocy, Vintrocy).