Sugar transport elements of gymnosperms & pteridophytes are -

Options

A. Sieve cells
B. Sieve elements
C. Sieve tubes
D. Sieve tube elements

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Sugar Transport Elements**: The question asks about the sugar transport elements specifically in gymnosperms and pteridophytes.

2. **Understand the Phloem Structure**: In plants, the phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products.

3. **Differentiate Between Plant Groups**:
- Gymnosperms (like conifers) and pteridophytes (like ferns) have different types of phloem compared to angiosperms (flowering plants).
- Angiosperms have more specialized structures for sugar transport.

4. **Recognize the Key Element**: In gymnosperms and pteridophytes, the primary sugar transport elements are known as **sieve cells**.

5. **Characteristics of Sieve Cells**:
- Sieve cells are slender cells with tapering ends.
- They form a conducting system in the phloem but do not constitute sieve tubes, which are more advanced structures found in angiosperms.

6. **Relation to Companion Cells**:
- Sieve cells are associated with **albuminous cells**, which are starch-deficient and serve a role similar to companion cells found in angiosperms.

7. **Conclusion**: The sugar transport elements of gymnosperms and pteridophytes are sieve cells.

### Final Answer:
The sugar transport elements of gymnosperms and pteridophytes are **sieve cells**.

---