Fluid mosaic model was given by
(a) Knoll and Ruska
(b) Singer and Ruska
(c) Singer and Nicolson
(d) Bateson and Punnet

Options

A. Knoll and Ruska
B. Singer and Ruska
C. Singer and Nicolson
D. Bateson and Punnet

Answer

To answer the question "Fluid mosaic model was given by", we need to identify the correct option from the choices provided:

1. **Understanding the Fluid Mosaic Model**: The fluid mosaic model is a scientific model that describes the structure of cell membranes. It was proposed to explain how the cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with various proteins embedded in it.

2. **Identifying the Contributors**: The fluid mosaic model was specifically proposed by two scientists named Singer and Nicholson in the early 1970s. They described the membrane as a mosaic of various components (lipids and proteins) that are fluid in nature, allowing for movement and flexibility.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- (a) Knoll and Ruska: These scientists are known for their work in electron microscopy, not the fluid mosaic model.
- (b) Singer and Ruska: Only one of the correct contributors (Singer) is mentioned here.
- (c) Singer and Nicolson: This is the correct answer as both scientists proposed the fluid mosaic model.
- (d) Bateson and Punnet: These scientists are known for their work in genetics, not the fluid mosaic model.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, the correct answer is (c) Singer and Nicolson.

### Final Answer:
The fluid mosaic model was given by (c) Singer and Nicolson.