In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by

Options

A. Cell plate formation
B. Inavigination
C. Cleavage
D. Furrowing

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Cytokinesis**: Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis, where the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells.

2. **Cytokinesis in Animal Cells**: In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through a mechanism called cleavage furrowing. This involves the formation of a contractile ring made of actin filaments that pinches the cell membrane inward, creating a cleavage furrow.

3. **Cytokinesis in Plant Cells**: Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cell wall. Therefore, they cannot undergo cleavage furrowing. Instead, they undergo a different process.

4. **Formation of the Cell Plate**: During cytokinesis in plant cells, vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus accumulate at the center of the cell, at the metaphase plate. These vesicles contain cell wall materials.

5. **Vesicle Fusion**: The vesicles fuse together to form a structure known as the cell plate. This cell plate grows outward, eventually fusing with the existing cell wall.

6. **Completion of Cytokinesis**: As the cell plate enlarges and merges with the cell wall, it divides the cell into two separate daughter cells, each with its own cell wall.

7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by cell plate formation.

**Final Answer**: In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by cell plate formation.

---