The process of converting ammonia to nitrate by bacteria is known as

Options

A. Ammonification
B. Nitrification
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Denitrification

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the name of the process by which bacteria convert ammonia into nitrate.

2. **Reviewing the Options**:
- **Option A: Ammonification**: This process involves the breakdown of organic matter into ammonia, not the conversion of ammonia to nitrate. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

- **Option B: Nitrification**: This is the process that converts ammonia into nitrate through two steps: first, ammonia is converted into nitrite, and then nitrite is converted into nitrate. This is the correct answer.

- **Option C: Nitrogen Fixation**: This process refers to the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, not the conversion of ammonia to nitrate. Thus, this option is also incorrect.

- **Option D: Denitrification**: This process involves the conversion of nitrate back into nitrogen gas, which is the opposite of what the question is asking. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

3. **Conclusion**: After evaluating all the options, the correct answer is **Nitrification**, as it specifically refers to the conversion of ammonia into nitrate by bacteria.

**Final Answer**: The process of converting ammonia to nitrate by bacteria is known as **Nitrification**.

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