The glomerular filtrate contains
(a) Blood minus cells
(b) Blood minus cell and proteins
(c) Plasma minus cells and proteins
(d) Blood minus proteins

Options

A. Blood minus cells
B. Blood minus cell and proteins
C. Plasma minus cells and proteins
D. Blood minus proteins

Answer

To determine what the glomerular filtrate contains, let's analyze the options provided step by step.

### Step 1: Understand Glomerular Filtration
The glomerular filtrate is produced in the kidneys through a process called ultrafiltration. This process occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered under pressure.

### Step 2: Identify Components of Blood
Blood consists of:
- Red blood cells (RBCs)
- White blood cells (WBCs)
- Platelets
- Plasma (which contains water, electrolytes, nutrients, and proteins)

### Step 3: Determine What is Filtered Out
During ultrafiltration:
- Red blood cells and white blood cells do not pass through the filtration barrier and remain in the blood.
- Plasma proteins (like albumin) are also too large to pass through the filtration barrier and are retained in the blood.

### Step 4: Analyze the Options
Now, let's analyze the options:
- (a) Blood minus cells: This would imply that only plasma remains, which is incorrect since plasma contains proteins.
- (b) Blood minus cells and proteins: This option correctly states that both cells and proteins are absent in the filtrate.
- (c) Plasma minus cells and proteins: This is incorrect because plasma itself contains proteins.
- (d) Blood minus proteins: This is incorrect because it does not account for the absence of cells.

### Conclusion
The correct answer is **(b) Blood minus cells and proteins**. This accurately describes the composition of glomerular filtrate, which contains water, electrolytes, and small molecules but lacks cells and proteins.

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