Hamburger phenomenon is also known as

Options

A. Sodium shift
B. Chloride shift
C. Lead shift
D. None of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Hamburger Phenomenon**: The Hamburger phenomenon is a physiological process that occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) during the transport of carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissues to the lungs.

2. **Role of Carbon Dioxide**: When CO2 produced by tissues enters the RBCs, it reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).

3. **Dissociation of Carbonic Acid**: The carbonic acid (H2CO3) then dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+).

4. **Bicarbonate Ion Transport**: The bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) is transported out of the RBC into the plasma.

5. **Chloride Ion Influx**: To maintain electrical neutrality, for every bicarbonate ion that exits the RBC, a chloride ion (Cl-) enters the RBC. This exchange is crucial for maintaining the balance of ions inside and outside the cell.

6. **Terminology**: This process of bicarbonate ions moving out and chloride ions moving in is known as the Hamburger phenomenon, and it is also referred to as the Chloride Shift.

7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the Hamburger phenomenon is also known as the Chloride Shift.

**Final Answer**: The Hamburger phenomenon is also known as the Chloride Shift.

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