The factors which include the form, surface, and behaviour of the earth with special reference to slopes, mountains, and valleys are called

Options

A. Edaphic factors
B. Biotic factors
C. Climatic factors
D. Topographic factors

Answer

To solve the question regarding the factors that include the form, surface, and behavior of the earth with special reference to slopes, mountains, and valleys, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question is asking for a specific term that describes factors related to the physical features of the Earth, particularly in relation to its topography, which includes slopes, mountains, and valleys.

2. **Identify the Options**: The options provided are:
- Geographic factors
- Biotic factors
- Climatic factors
- Topographic factors

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Geographic Factors**: These generally refer to the study of the Earth's landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments. However, they are broader and do not specifically focus on the physical form of the Earth.
- **Biotic Factors**: These are related to living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. They do not pertain to the physical features of the Earth.
- **Climatic Factors**: These involve weather patterns and climate conditions. While they can influence the landscape, they do not directly describe the physical form of the Earth.
- **Topographic Factors**: These specifically refer to the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, including slopes, mountains, and valleys.

4. **Select the Correct Answer**: Based on the analysis, the option that best fits the description in the question is **Topographic Factors**. These factors encompass the form, surface, and behavior of the Earth, particularly in relation to its physical features.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **Topographic Factors**.