The amount of living material and nutrients present in different trophic levels and soils at any given time are called, respectively.

Options

A. Standing state and standing crop
B. Standing crop and standing state
C. Standing state and standing quality
D. Biomass and standing crop

Answer

To solve the question regarding the terms used for the amount of living material and nutrients present in different trophic levels and soils, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Terms**: The question asks for two specific terms: one for the amount of living material and another for the nutrients present in the ecosystem.

2. **Understanding 'Standing Crop'**: The term 'standing crop' refers to the total mass of living organisms (biomass) in a particular area at a specific time. This includes all the living material present in different trophic levels of an ecosystem.

3. **Understanding 'Standing State'**: The term 'standing state' refers to the amount of inorganic nutrients available in the ecosystem, particularly in the soil. It measures the nutrient content that supports the growth of living organisms.

4. **Matching the Definitions to the Options**:
- Option 1: Standing state and standing crop
- Option 2: Standing crop and standing state
- Option 3: Standing state and standing quality
- Option 4: Biomass and standing crop

Based on our definitions, the correct pairing is:
- Living material = Standing crop
- Nutrients = Standing state

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer is option 2: 'standing crop' for living material and 'standing state' for nutrients.

### Final Answer:
The amount of living material and nutrients present in different trophic levels and soils at any given time are called, respectively, **standing crop** (for living material) and **standing state** (for nutrients).

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