Which of the Following conference obtained commitments from different countries for reducing overall greenhouse gas emission at a level 5% below 1990 level by 2008-2012?

Options

A. Kyoto Protocol, 1997
B. Earth Summit, Rio-de-Janeiro, 1992
C. Montreal Protocol, 1987
D. Helsinki Declaration, 1989

Answer

To solve the question regarding which conference obtained commitments from different countries for reducing overall greenhouse gas emissions to a level 5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Question Focus**: The question is specifically asking about a conference that aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5% below 1990 levels during a specified timeframe (2008-2012).

2. **Review the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Kyoto Protocol 1997
- B) Earth Summit Rio de Janeiro 1992
- C) Montreal Protocol 1987
- D) Helsinki Declaration 1989

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Kyoto Protocol 1997**: This international agreement was specifically designed to commit countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It set the target of reducing emissions to 5% below 1990 levels during the commitment period of 2008-2012.
- **Earth Summit Rio de Janeiro 1992**: This summit focused on sustainable development and the relationship between economic development and environmental protection but did not set specific greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.
- **Montreal Protocol 1987**: This protocol was aimed at phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer, not directly related to greenhouse gas emissions.
- **Helsinki Declaration 1989**: This declaration relates to ethical principles in medical research involving human subjects and does not address environmental issues.

4. **Determine the Correct Answer**: Based on the analysis, the Kyoto Protocol 1997 is the only option that directly addresses the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the specified percentage and timeframe.

5. **Final Answer**: The correct answer is **A) Kyoto Protocol 1997**.