In photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized during

Options

A. Cyclic photophosphorylation
B. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
C. Both (1) and (2)
D. In the photolysis of water

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Photosynthesis**: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

2. **Role of ATP in Photosynthesis**: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a crucial energy carrier in cells. During photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized to provide the energy needed for various biochemical reactions, including the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose.

3. **Photophosphorylation**: The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis is known as photophosphorylation. This process occurs in two main forms: cyclic photophosphorylation and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

4. **Cyclic Photophosphorylation**: In cyclic photophosphorylation, only ATP is produced. This process involves the flow of electrons in a cyclic manner through the photosystem, leading to the generation of ATP without the production of NADPH.

5. **Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation**: In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, both ATP and NADPH are produced. This process involves the flow of electrons from water through the photosystems, resulting in the splitting of water (photolysis) and the release of oxygen.

6. **Photolysis of Water**: Photolysis of water is the process where water molecules are split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen. This occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis but is not directly responsible for ATP synthesis.

7. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, ATP is synthesized during both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. Thus, the correct answer to the question is that ATP is synthesized during both types of photophosphorylation.

**Final Answer**: Both cyclic photophosphorylation and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

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