Sponges in which the cells are loosely aggregated and do not form tissues or organs are grouped under which subkingdom ?

Options

A. Metazoa
B. Eumetazoa
C. Parazoa
D. Bilateria

Answer

To solve the question regarding the classification of sponges, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Characteristics of Sponges**:
- Sponges are simple multicellular organisms that are part of the animal kingdom. They are known for their porous bodies and lack of true tissues and organs.

2. **Identify the Subkingdoms**:
- The question provides four options:
- A. Metazoa
- B. Eumetazoa
- C. Parazoa
- D. Bilateria

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Metazoa**: This term refers to all multicellular animals, which includes sponges but is too broad for our specific question.
- **Eumetazoa**: This group includes animals that have true tissues and organs, such as cnidarians and bilaterians. Sponges do not fit here.
- **Parazoa**: This group includes sponges, which are characterized by their loose aggregation of cells and lack of true tissues and organs. They are considered more primitive than eumetazoans.
- **Bilateria**: This refers to animals with bilateral symmetry, which does not apply to sponges.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the characteristics of sponges and the definitions of the subkingdoms, sponges are classified under **C. Parazoa**.

### Final Answer:
The sponges in which the cells are loosely aggregated and do not form tissues or organs are grouped under the subkingdom **C. Parazoa**.

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