Malpighian tubules are analogous to

Options

A. Trachea of cockroach
B. Gills
C. Flame cells
D. None of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Malpighian Tubules**: Begin by defining what Malpighian tubules are. They are specialized structures found in insects that are responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous waste and other metabolites.

2. **Function of Malpighian Tubules**: Explain the function of these tubules. They collect waste products from the hemolymph (the insect equivalent of blood) and transport them to the posterior intestine, where some substances are reabsorbed, and waste is excreted.

3. **Identifying Analogous Structures**: To find an analogous structure, we need to look for another system in a different organism that performs a similar function (excretion).

4. **Comparing with Other Organisms**:
- In arthropods (which include insects), excretion is primarily done through Malpighian tubules.
- In Platyhelminthes (flatworms), excretion is carried out by specialized cells called flame cells, which also serve the purpose of osmoregulation and waste removal.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the functions discussed, the Malpighian tubules in insects are analogous to flame cells in Platyhelminthes because both structures are involved in excretion.

6. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the correct answer is that Malpighian tubules are analogous to flame cells.

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