Neo-Darwinism is a synthesis of theories proposed by

Options

A. Lamarck and Charles Darwin
B. Charles Darwin and A.R. Wallace
C. Hugo de Vries and Charles Darwin
D. Charles Darwin and F. Redi

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Neo-Darwinism**: Neo-Darwinism is a modern synthesis of evolutionary theory that incorporates the principles of natural selection and genetics. It builds upon Charles Darwin's original theory of evolution by natural selection, addressing some of its shortcomings.

2. **Key Contributors**: The primary figures associated with the development of Neo-Darwinism are Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Darwin is known for his foundational work on natural selection, while Wallace independently conceived a similar theory.

3. **Natural Selection and Variations**: In the original Darwinian theory, natural selection and variations were seen as the main drivers of evolution. Neo-Darwinism emphasizes that mutations, which are changes in the genetic material, also play a crucial role in the evolution of species.

4. **Role of Mutations**: Neo-Darwinism posits that speciation (the formation of new species) occurs primarily due to mutations rather than just continuous variations. This means that significant genetic changes can lead to the emergence of new species.

5. **Population vs. Individual Variation**: In Neo-Darwinism, it is important to note that variations must occur within populations rather than just in individuals. This population-level variation is essential for the process of evolution.

6. **Isolation Mechanisms**: The theory also highlights the role of isolation (mechanical or physical) in the formation of new species. Isolation can prevent interbreeding between populations, leading to divergence and the eventual emergence of new species.

7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, Neo-Darwinism is a synthesis of the theories proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, integrating the concepts of natural selection, mutations, and population genetics.

**Final Answer**: Neo-Darwinism is a synthesis of theories proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

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